Manipulating Ca 2+ homeostasis offers a compelling strategy to balance cellular lipids and cell survival in ferroptosis-associated diseases.įerroptosis is a type of oxidative cell death induced by glutathione (GSH) deprivation or uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, MS4A15 regulation of anti-ferroptotic lipid reservoirs provides a key resistance mechanism that is distinct from antioxidant and lipid detoxification pathways. We further demonstrate that increasing luminal Ca 2+ levels can preferentially sensitize refractory cancer cell lines. Specifically, prolonged Ca 2+ depletion inhibits lipid elongation and desaturation, driving lipid droplet dispersion and formation of shorter, more saturated ether lipids that protect phospholipids from ferroptotic reactive species. MS4A15 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it blocks ferroptosis by depleting luminal Ca 2+ stores and reprogramming membrane phospholipids to ferroptosis-resistant species. Here, we uncover a crucial link between ferroptosis and Ca 2+ through the identification of the novel tetraspanin MS4A15. Calcium (Ca 2+) is a signaling molecule in diverse cellular processes such as migration, neurotransmission, and cell death. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death driven by biochemical processes that promote oxidation within the lipid compartment.
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